Petrochemical wastewater contains floating oil, emulsified oil, dissolved oil, and a large amount of refractory organic matter. Its treatment process must combine physical, chemical, and biochemical methods in order to achieve discharge compliance or reuse.

Textile dyeing and printing wastewater is characterized by large volumes, high color intensity, significant pH fluctuations, and the presence of refractory dyes and auxiliaries. The cost of end-of-pipe treatment alone is high, and today, more and more enterprises are adopting deep treatment and reuse processes to recover both water and thermal energy.

Coastal industrial zones often face the challenge of freshwater resource shortages. Seawater desalination provides an effective solution to the water supply bottleneck faced by industrial enterprises. Large-scale seawater desalination processes primarily adopt reverse osmosis membrane technology to convert high-salinity seawater into pure water that meets industrial requirements.

Flat panel display glass substrates require multiple precision cleaning steps before and after processes such as coating, exposure, and etching. Micro-contamination of the water can directly cause bright or dark point defects. Therefore, the requirements for ultrapure water used in cleaning are even more stringent than those in the typical semiconductor industry.